Ingen is a modular synth that runs under JACK. It uses LADSPA and LV2 plugins for its processing. It can be used to create modular synths by using synth plugin modules.
AMSynth is an open source realtime software synthesizer for Linux. Its operation is similar to analog Moog Minimoog and Roland Juno-60, which are considered classic synthesizers from the 1970s. It is available in various formats, including LV2 and DSSI plugins as well as JACK/ALSA standalone clients.
Pure Data (aka Pd) is an open source visual programming language. Pd enables musicians, visual artists, performers, researchers, and developers to create software graphically, without writing lines of code.
Pd is a so-called data flow programming language, where software called patches are developed graphically. Algorithmic functions are represented by objects, placed on a screen called canvas. Objects are connected together with cords, and data flows from one object to another through this cords.